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您认为数字和移动基础设施对全球经济和社会发展

做出了哪些贡献？

数字经济和数字化都和联接息息相关。联接人，联接企业。联接是无处不在的。现在开始联接机器，不需要人为参与就能把机器联接在一起，虽然同时引发的一些顾虑。总的来说，联接具有极大的经济效益，同时也带来了变革。

它促进商业模式的转变, 最显而易见的是在电子商务领域，或是说传统商业，但其将会走向电子商务，以及在旅游产业、在接待服务产业、在娱乐产业等方面，数字化正在改变社会，因为它拉近了本是间隔开的物理社交距离，它加速了之前缓慢的流程，当然也会颠覆传统的商业模式。他们实际上在创造新的商业机会，通过将偏远省份的中小型企业与大城市的想要购买新产品的客户联系了起来。

去年，电子商务在中国零售业中占比25%。另外还有75%的非电子商务，而这部分份额可能还会持续下降。通过带来宽带接入，移动基础设施正在改变社会。这对教育也有影响。据伦敦帝国理工学院统计，每增加10%的移动宽带渗透，经济将增长0.6%至2.8%。

Q2

数字技术和移动网络在Covid-19期间

如何维持社会的正常运作？

我认为这已经产生很大影响。数字化带来联接，我们需要联接在当下社交距离成为强制性的时候拉进彼此的距离，为了保护我们自己，也为了保护彼此免受病毒传播。所以我们在家工作、在线教育、开商业虚拟会议。

在罗兰贝格，我们把所有与客户的沟通互动都转移到了虚拟会议上，转移到了许多新工具上。我们虽然在疫情前也在使用这些工具，但使用的频率完全不及现在。我们意识到很多事情在没有物联接触的情况下也能完成，虽然这并不意味着物理接触应该避免。但至少人们发现了新的方法。

政府也一样，我认为在中国以及世界范围内，政府已经将一些行政流程数字化，因为政府需要在不经过任何物理接触的情况下，持续提供一些基本服务给更多需要的人，而不需要经过任何物理接触。线上数字化以前就存在，只是现在需求变得更多了。数字化或者说数字接入已成为公共设施。它就像水，空气，电，天然气，能源，这是我在罗兰贝格的专业领域。

数字就像能源一样，它是必需品，如果没有数字化就将无法生存，如果你没有移动宽带接入，你什么都做不了。因此，它已经成为像其他公共设施一样必不可少的东西。

Q3

您是否同意在Covid-19期间和之后，进一步投资数字和移动基础设施可以实现经济和社会更快、更好地复苏？

为提供移动宽带基础设施给需要它们的人，我们还有很多工作要做。我们已经习惯于在发达国家获得这种数字服务，但我们也看到，当大量使用这种服务时，实际上可用的服务就会减少，因此，要对基础设施进行更多的投资是十分必要的。我们需要到处都有这样的网络基础设施，我们需要更好的、更快的基础设施，正如我们在这场危机中所看到的，应用的数目正在增长，也正在变得更加复杂。

但好消息是，无论在何种危机中，基础设施投资总是一个好的因素，是危机后刺激计划的关键措施。在一些地区已经有了一定基础，网络和数字基础设施做得已经不错。有电信运营商已经看到，在疫情期间，带宽需求平均增长20%。因此，这显然是触发了进一步的投资需求。

Q4

对未来全球经济和社会发展有什么意见或建议？

我认为合作至关重要，在标准、安全、数据隐私和连接方面可以有更多的合作机会。当然，同时，数字经济也消耗了大量的能源。因此，我们面临的一个挑战是如何通过将数字经济与不产生温室气体的可再生能源相结合，使其更具有可持续性。我们如何使它更有效率。当前仍有许多技术需要提高。

和往常一样，在基础设施方面，政府必须要驱动其发展。以补贴等方式，提供更多获取现金流的方式。并不是说一定要给运营商大量投入资金，而是帮助基础设施的投资变得更为简单快捷，因为基础设施的投资也会反哺未来经济增长。

Q5

您认为4G网络是否仍将是移动运营商的主要收入来源？您认为是否应该和5G一起投资？

我认为，4G和5G之间存在着一个相延续的关系。4G在世界各地仍在大量发展，对于许多家庭和企业来说，很可能在未来几十年内，4G无疑仍将是至关重要的，直到5G网络全面发展为止。所以我想说，4G和5G我们都需要。事实上，4G是无处不在的，它存在于每个角落。因此，4G和5G需要协调投资。现在，在某些地区，5G网络将发展得很快，因为相应场景需求已经浮现，应用也正在进入一个更高的阶段。

采访英文原版

Q1：What digital and mobile infrastructure has contributed most to the development of the global economy and society, in your opinion.

Digital economy and digitalization is all about connectivity. So it’s connecting people. It’s connecting businesses. It has indeed become ubiquitous. It’s now starting to connect machines, machines to machines without going through people, which, of course, sometimes raises concerns. But generally speaking, it has a lot of economic benefit, it also brings transformation.

So it’s transformation of business models, obviously e-commerce, or commerce which becomes e-commerce, in travel, in hospitality, in entertainment, digitalization is changing society, because it creates proximity where before there was distance, it accelerates things that were slow, and of course sometimes it’s creating disruption to traditional business models. Other people they’re actually creating new business by giving the opportunity to connect a small-and-medium-enterprise in the remote provinces to clients in big cities that want to try and afford new products.

Last year e-commerce in China represents 25% of retail, there is still 75% of non e-commerce, and possibly that the share will decline a bit, it is changing the society by bringing this broadband accesses, this infrastructure. And that also has implications for education, access to education. The Imperial College of London has calculated that an additional 10% of mobile adoption brings anywhere between 0.6%-2.8% additional economy growth.

Q2：How digital technology and mobile networks maintained the normal operations of society during Covid-19.

Well, I think that has been a massive impact. Digital brings connectivity and so we need help to create proximity while social distancing become mandatary, or has become mandatary in a way, to protect ourselves, to protect each other against propagation of the virus. So it’s work from home, it’s online education, it’s virtual meetings in our consulting business.

In Roland Berger, we’ve shifted all of our interaction with our clients to virtual meetings with shifted to a whole lot of new tools that we were using before, but not to the extent we are using them, to realize that a lot of things were possible without physical contact, which doesn’t mean that physical contact should be avoided. But at least people realized new ways.

Government as well, I think here in China as well as the world, governments have shifted some administrative processes into digital processes, because government needed to continue providing some services, some basic services to more people needed without any physical contact. So in a way, it was there before, but even more than before, digitalization has become, or digital access has become a utility. It’s just like water, air, electricity, natural gas, energy, (which) is my field of competence in Roland Berger.

And so digital is just like energy, it’s something that you need, you cannot live if you don’t have digital, if you don’t have access to mobile broadband, there’s not much you can do. So it’s something that has become as indispensable as any other utilities.

Q3：Do you agree that further investment in digital and mobile infrastructure could ensure faster and better global recovery for the economy and society both during and after Covid-19?

Possible because there’s a lot more to do to provide the mobile broadband infrastructures, the bandwidth, to people who need it. So of course we are used to in our developed countries to having access, but we have seen that when there is heavy use, actually easy access is curtail, so there can be more investments in infrastructure. We need that infrastructure everywhere, and we need better infrastructure, we need faster infrastructure, also because as we have seen in this crisis, applications are growing, applications are getting more sophisticated.

But the good news is infrastructure investments in any kind of crisis, or in the exits of any kind of crisis, is always a good element, a good building block of stimulus plan. In some regions, that would be foundation, infrastructure is already good. I think the voice and data operators, a telco operator has seen that on average they could experience a 20% increase in demand during the crisis. So obviously this calls for more investment.

Q4：Do you have any proposals or suggestions for the development of the global economy and society in the future?

Well, I think there can be more cooperation, more technical cooperation around standards, security, data privacy, connectivity. Of course, the digital economy is consuming a lot of energy. So one challenge is how do we make this digital economy even more sustainable by combining it with renewable energy sources, with energy sources that at least do not generate greenhouse gases? How do we make it also more efficient? And so there’s a lot of technology improvement.

As usual when it comes to infrastructure, governments have to power the machines. So it’s subsidies, it’s better access to money, So it’s not necessary pouring money to private operators, but it’s simply easing the investments in infrastructure, because the infrastructure, in turn, creates future growth.

Q5：Do you think that the 4G network will remain the key source of revenue for mobile operators? And should they build on this investment with 5G do you think?

I think there’s a continuum between 4G and 5G, and 4G is still immensely developed everywhere in the world, and will remain certainly critical for many households, many businesses, probably for the next decades until 5G networks are fully developed. So I would say we need both, actually, 4G is ubiquitous, so it’s pretty much everywhere. So investment need to be coordinated. Now, in certain areas where 5G networks will also develop faster, simply because it’s needed, because the applications are going to next level.

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罗兰贝格管理咨询公司于1967年在欧洲大陆成立，现为全球顶级战略管理咨询公司之一，在全球35个国家设有52家分支机构，拥有2400余名员工，并在国际各大主要市场成功运作。作为全球5大顶级战略管理咨询公司中唯一一家源于欧洲的成员，罗兰贝格咨询的专业性建立在它50余年来与各式各样的客户在复杂商业案例运作中取得的丰富经验上。卓越的战略分析及在方案实施上的深厚功底是罗兰贝格咨询服务的优势所在。以自己多元化的欧洲背景和丰富的中国本土经验为依托，罗兰贝格将会运用这种优势，帮助我们的客户在中国应对挑战，取得成功。

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