最近看到新加坡食品局(Singapore Food Agency)一份官方农场开发指导手册,通篇阅读后,反思国内农业项目开发,认为其有以下一些显著特点,值得参考:
关于如何开发农场内容非常系统、详尽、全面。涉及土地、农业、能源、交通、消防、环保等所有部门,用地、规划、建设、运维、生产用工、销售等全环节,包括各部门职责分工,办事流程,时间周期及费用等,简单明了,堪称傻瓜式指导手册,实用性很强,一册在手,农场我有,能够很好解决不知道开发农场有什么材料需要办理,办理找谁哪个部门,有哪些要求,需要多长时间等繁琐而必要的问题,以及潜在风险规避。
对于农场农业发展具有很强的指导性和约束性,有利于整体行业健康良性发展。在约束性方面,包括基本详尽的发展方向约束,不仅细分的种养殖领域,种植领域细分到果菜、叶菜,甚至细分到西红柿、生菜等,另外对生产空间,有效土地利用面积等都做了明确的约束,必须提高土地利用效率,以及产量做出若干时期后的定量承诺,否则就可能面临罚款、土地收回等惩罚措施。
细节处见法制、规范、标准等发展阶段差异。建设现代法制国家,离不开现代法制农业农村,建设法制农业农村,离不开健全完善的涉农法律规章制度体系,农业,农业土地在新加坡经济占比甚至可忽略不计,却拥有如此健全的行业规范,甚至针对一个农场开发都有如此详细完备的引导文件,作为传统农业大国的中国农业发展是否应当做些什么,发展阶段如何,发展是强是弱,也是细微处见功夫。
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新加坡国土规划土地性质分类
新加坡570万人口,国土面积725平方公里,其中农业土地面积仅3000亩,农产品有效自给水平仅为10%,这或许是新加坡如此珍视农业土地,重视农场开发细节的原因,每一寸土地都要得到最高效利用。 反观国内农业项目开发,动辄成千上万亩,几万亩,甚至几十万亩,特别在社会资本主体进入方面,缺乏有效的引导和约束,造成大量土地、资金等资源浪费,重复投资等,资本方也损失惨重,国内是否可以学习新加坡这样,通过行业或政府有效顶层设计引导,及过程监督实施,全过程全周期服务促进社会资本进入农业农村领域有序良性健康发展,也是很好的。 以下内容为最新新加坡农场指导手册原文:
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来源:新加坡食品局(Singapore Food Agency)
(来源:网络)
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